The standard model was initially developed in the siliciclastic realm and only later modified specifically to accommodate the carbonate realm. The tectonic setting and stratal patterns suggest that different orders of sealevel fluctuations, ranging from 20 to 150 m. The alternations between carbonate and siliciclastic dominance follow the sequence stratigraphic framework and indicate a direct relation to fluctuating sea level. Sequence stratigraphy of isolated carbonate buildups in a deltaic province, kutei basin, east kalimantan, indonesia by arthur h. Review of the stratigraphy, depositional systems, and. Sequence stratigraphy is a branch of geology that attempts to subdivide and link sedimentary deposits into unconformity bound units on a variety of scales and explain these stratigraphic units in terms of variations in sediment supply and variations in the rate of change in accommodation space relative sea level, the combination of eustatic sea level and tectonic subsidence. A regional sequence stratigraphic framework has not been developed. Purchase principles of sequence stratigraphy 1st edition.
Sequence stratigraphy in a carbonate prograding margin. Understanding growthfaulted, intraslope subbasins by. Composite sequences these are sets of genetically related sequences thirdorder arranged in a distinctive retrogradational, aggradational, and progradational patterns and bounded by. Sequence stratigraphy is the study of genetically related facies within a framework of chronostratigraphically significant surfaces. Sequence stratigraphy and architecture of a late earlymiddle.
Sequence stratigraphy deals with genetically related sedimentary strata bounded by unconformities. Sequence stratigraphic techniques provide 1 a more effective method for evaluating reservoir system continuity and trend directions and 2 improved methods for predicting reservoir system, source, and sealing. This pattern is driven by the efficiency of alongshelf sediment transport, which is accommodation space controlled. Sequence stratigraphy american association of petroleum. The seismic stratigraphic interpretation of this system, based on a regional threedimensional survey.
Remaining reserves are mostly located in lower cretaceous carbonate buildup and prograding basinmargin deposits of the shuaiba formation. Sitting bull fallslast chance canyon san andresgrayburg mixed carbonateshallow clastic prograding system, and sequence architecture. Pdf getting started in carbonate sequence stratigraphy. The application of the concepts of sequence stratigraphy to. Sequence stratigraphy in a mixed clastic carbonate province. Early cements are absent from the infralittoral prograding oolitic wedge. The sequence stratigraphic hierarchy present at the studied outcrop consists of two partial 3rdorder composite sequences 1 10 m. Pdf a method of quantitative sequence stratigraphy based on stratigraphic forward. Carbonates have several aspects that make their response to relative sealevel changes and the character of their sequence stratigraphic elements somewhat different. The purposes of this association are to advance the science of geology. Sequence stratigraphy is the study of rock relationships within timeequivalent depositional successions bounded by surfaces of erosion or nondeposition. Guadalupe mountain field trip permian sequence stratigraphy. Seismic stratigraphy of a lower cretaceous prograding carbonate platform oman and implications for the eustatic sealevel curve emmanuel dujoncquoy, 1 carine grelaud, 2 philippe razin, 3 patrice imbert, 4 frans van buchem, 5 gerard dupont, 6 and arnaud le bec 7. The sequence stratigraphic concept postulates that each global sealevel change creates a characteristic sequence of sediments that can be correlated with sedimentary basins around the world vail et al.
Principles and applications of carbonate sequence stratigraphy case studies sequence stratigraphy is rooted mainly in seismic stratigraphic sequence analysis, and its strength lies in its potential to predict facies within a chronostratigraphically constrained framework of unconformitybound depositional sequences. Now its time for you to deal with what sedimentary and volcanic rocks are like on a larger scale. Pdf highresolution sequence stratigraphy in prograding. The deltas, which areshallowwaterdepositionalsystems,wereincapable of prograding into deep water on the continental slope of the gulf of mexico basin. During the early ordovician, the permian basin area was located on the southwest edge of the laurentia plate between 20 and 30 latitude.
If the previously deposited siliciclastic sediments filled most of the offreef area, a prograding carbonate ramp builds from the reef across the. In carbonate settings, a parasequence cor responds to a succession of facies commonly. Mar 01, 2018 the seismic stratigraphic interpretation of this system, based on a regional threedimensional survey 40,000 km 2 15,400 mi 2, revealed a complicated organization of nested clinoforms with changing depositional dips. Carbonate and siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy examples from the late jurassic. Sequence stratigraphy subcommission on quaternary stratigraphy. Th e prediction s of thes two alternativ model regarding th response of a carbonate margin to relative sealevel changes can be tested. Tst incised valley fill, source rock and reservoir seal. Seismic expressions of a miocene prograding carbonate margin. Carbonate sequencestratigraphic methods offer the best correlation strategy that can reduce the risk of miscorrelating critical carbonate aquifer flow zones and confining units, as kerans and tinker 1997 have discussed its application to the petroleum industry.
Porosity and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework clyde h. Fundamental differences between siliciclastics and. Sequence stratigraphy in a mixed clasticcarbonate province. Paleogeographic reconstruction of facies belts at precise moments in time is the goal of the sequence stratigrapher. Highresolution sequence stratigraphy in prograding miocene carbonates. Sequence stratigraphic concepts will be applied to examples from areas including. An extensive carbonate platform of rudists and corals stacked in a. Great basin paleozoic carbonate platform usgs publications. Mixed carbonate siliciclastic systems develop laterally and vertically complex sediment successions, which in turn complicate subsurface seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization. Carbonate and siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy examples. Sequence stratigraphy in carbonate and siliciclastic. Carbonate bank margin to basin facies, basin margin unconformities, deepwater carbonate debrites and turbidites, and deepwater sandstone onlap and stacked confined channel deposits. Sequencestratigraphic analysis of the regional observation. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of mixed, reefal carbonate and siliciclastic systems ashton f.
Practical sequence stratigraphy was originally published as a fifteenpart series in the canadian society of petroleum geologists monthly magazine, the reservoir, between may 2008 and september 2009. Application to reservoirs, outcrops and models, sepm special publication 63, p. This lab is a simple and straightforward introduction to sequence stratigraphic interpretations of a carbonate platform using a combination of facies analysis, facies correlations, hand samples, thin sections, and is followed up by students reconstructing the platform profile at specific time intervals during sequence development to detect and. Seismic expressions of a miocene prograding carbonate. Also, lateral facies variations in each transgressive. Such withintrend facies contacts may be marked on a sequence stratigraphic crosssection only after the sequence stratigraphic framework has been constructed.
This geometry is much like that found on siliciclastic shelves, so the standard vail sequence stratigraphic model is more applicable to the cool water carbonates. The application of the concepts of sequence stratigraphy. Indonesia malaysia sumatra vietnam phillipines north america, the middle east, and europe. The basic concepts of the standard sequence stratigraphy model as formulated and formalized by vail and his colleagues in the 1970s1990s can be found in appendix of this book. Current sequence stratigraphic concepts may clarify the controls on distribution and extents, thickness, and quality of eastern kansas coal seams. Stratigraphy is the geologic knowledge about the processes by which sedimentary deposits form and how those deposits change through time and space on the earths surface.
Seismic stratigraphy of a lower cretaceous prograding. The sequence part of the name refers to cyclic sedimentary deposits. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy introduction this lab introduces you to carbonate sequence stratigraphy using knowledge from lecture, thin sections, hand samples, facies analysis, and facies correlations. Intraslope subbasin analysis by applying sequencestratigraphic principles. Bradley, 2014, clastic facies reservoir characterization in a sequence stratigraphic framework through production. Seismic stratigraphic and quantitative interpretation of. The detailed stratigraphic architecture of a miocene intraplatform prograding carbonate margin, outcropping in mut basin, turkey, was used to build twodimensional synthetic seismograms by normal raytracing and finitedifference, explodingreflector methods. Sequence stratigraphic concepts provide a means to classify, correlate, and map sedimentary rocks using timestratigraphic units. The equator crossed northern canada, situating texas in a tropical to subtropical latitude.
Paleontologic data, integrated with seismic and well log data, are an integral part of sequence stratigraphic analysis. A novel sequence stratigraphy model for oolitic carbonate platform wedges. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy although most of this website focuses on shallowmarine siliciclastic systems, sequence analysis can be just as readily applied to carbonate systems. Sequence stratigraphy is the study of sedimentation patterns and facies relationships within a chronostratigraphic. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of mixed, reefal carbonate and siliciclastic systems embry, ashton 1 1 geological survey of canada, calgary, ab, canada. Sequence stratigraphy in carbonate and siliciclastic systems. Sequence stratigraphy of isolated carbonate buildups in a. Porosity evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework issn book 55 kindle edition by moore, clyde h download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. In addition, the concept proposes that a predictable facies succession would develop within each sequence.
Its varied and beautiful landforms and geological features, its mineral and energy resources, its cultural heritage its the birthplace of our species all combine to form a rich experience of sights and sounds, aromas and flavors. Sequence stratigraphy is jargonladen and typically presented in an overly complicated manner which turns many students off. In places this downlap surface climbs basinward, suggesting the presence of shingled turbidites at the toe of the prograding complex. Highresolution sequence stratigraphy of paleogene, nontropical mixed carbonatesiliciclastic shelf sediments, north carolina coastal plain, u. Broken ridge is an ideal locale in which to use the.
This lab is a simple and straightforward introduction to sequence stratigraphic interpretations of a carbonate platform using a combination of facies analysis, facies correlations, hand samples, thin sections, and is followed up by students reconstructing the platform. This paper concerns a supergiant carbonate oil field in abu dhabi, uae first oil production in1962. Carbonate sequence stratigraphic methods offer the best correlation strategy that can reduce the risk of miscorrelating critical carbonate aquifer flow zones and confining units, as kerans and tinker 1997 have discussed its application to the petroleum industry. Papers seismic models of a prograding carbonate platform. The continent of africa has beguiled geologists for centuries. A genetic stratigraphic sequence is the sedimentary product of a depositional episode. These stratigraphic parameters can influence coal gas content. Sequence stratigraphy and architecture of a late early. Accurate forward modeling of carbonate stratigraphies allows petroleum geologists to independently test sequence stratigraphic interpretations, reconstruct partially exposed or imaged carbonate. Sequence stratigraphy training course petroskills sqs. Porosity, evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework, volume 55 1st edition.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading carbonate reservoirs. Cool water carbonate shelves are generally ramplike, with a deep, rounded margin. Lst sequence boundaries, incised valleys, slope fans, basin floor fans, and prograding complexes. Ashton embry for his work in making this series possible. Eustatic sealevel curves have been established, indepen dently of sequence stratigraphic concepts, for the late quaternary fig. Mar 30, 2005 3d and 4d controls on carbonate depositional systems. Clinobeds are about 120 m long and their base is located at a depth of 4075 m.
Read, chairman department of geological sciences, virginia tech abstract the sequence stratigraphic development of the subsurface paleogene, albemarle. An interruption in sedimentation discontinuity is commonly accompanied by a period of erosion that can cause a significant gap in the rock record unconformity. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of mixed, reefal carbonate. Linking early diagenesis and sedimentary facies to. Carbonate and siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy geoconvention. Highresolution sequence stratigraphy in prograding miocene. You will identify systems tracts and reconstruct carbonate platform morphologies through time using sequence stratigraphic correlations.
Link to a page that lists some of the literature on the carbonate sedimentary record and how its sequence stratigraphic character varies in response to base level change, usually eustasy and gain access to. Even though the physical dimensions of the outcrop might be fairly. A regional sequencestratigraphic framework has not been developed. Confirmed the presence of diachronous reflections in. During lsts the erosion of hardgrounds results in intraclast deposit downslope. Sequence stratigraphy, a branch of sedimentary stratigraphy, uses the order strata accumulated in along with a framework of major depositional and erosional surfaces to interpret the depositional setting of clastic and carbonate sediments from continental, marginal marine, basin margins and downslope settings of basins. An extensive carbonate platform of rudists and corals stacked in a prograding pattern marks the. The key to developing conceptual and predictive models of these mixed systems is the documentation and understanding of the sedimentary and environmental processes controlling these depositional. Published online by the canadian society of petroleum. The american association of petroleum geologists is an international organization with over 38,000 members in 100plus countries. Facies, geometries and sequence stratigraphy of the mixed. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of mixed, reefal carbonate and.
The bottom three represent facies contacts developed within systems tracts. Combining these affords the prediction of the nature of sedimentary deposits at locations away from data control points. Sequence stratigraphy in carbonate and siliciclastic systems 5th 9th october 2015 at kuala lumpur, malaysia course overview case studies include. The prograding complex is commonly the most volumetrically important depositional. Hst alluvial, deltaic, shoreline complexes and shelf sands. Porosity, evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework. Seismic stratigraphy of a lower cretaceous prograding carbonate platform oman and implications for the eustatic sealevel curve. The sequence stratigraphic key surfaces presented in this study represent typical candidate horizons or datum surfaces for future seismic or resevoir modelling studies.